Warning Signs of Adolescent Self-Inflicted Injuries
Self-harm among teenagers is a growing concern, with nearly 1 in 5 teens having self-injured, according to recent studies. This behavior, often referred to as Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), is more common than expected and can be a form of communication, a cry for help.
Teens may attempt to conceal self-harm by controlling the placement of injuries, covering injured areas, or using an unusual amount of bandages or first aid supplies for "accidental" injuries. Some may show fascination with self-harm, such as reading or watching videos about the behavior online or befriending others who engage in forms of self-injury.
Key signs that a teen might be self-harming include unexplained cuts, burns, or bruises often on arms, legs, or torso; wearing long sleeves or pants even in warm weather to cover injuries; frequent reports of accidental injuries; withdrawal from friends and activities; and changes in mood such as irritability or sadness.
If you suspect that your teen is self-harming or they tell you, it's important not to react with anger or criticism. Instead, approach with empathy and without judgment, acknowledging their feelings and experiences. Encourage professional support such as therapy with mental health providers who can address underlying issues and teach healthier coping skills. Involve family where possible, creating a supportive environment and improving communication, as family stress and relationships are often related factors.
Identifying and reducing stressors related to family, school, or social life that contribute to their distress is also crucial. Ensure safety by reducing access to means of self-injury and developing safety plans with clinicians. Early adolescence (ages 12-14) is a critical period when self-harm behaviors often begin, partly due to hormonal and emotional changes that impair self-regulation, making teens more vulnerable to impulsive harmful acts.
Self-harm is often seen as a misguided way of coping with intense emotions. Those who self-harm may view it as a form of release or a distraction from emotional pain. Some may feel emotionally numb and view it as the only way they can feel anything. Self-harm is one of the strongest predictors of a future suicide attempt, so timely intervention is crucial.
In summary, recognizing behavioral and physical signs and providing compassionate professional and family support are essential steps for helping a teen who self-harms. It's important to look for patterns of signs rather than individual signs when trying to identify self-harm. If you're concerned about a teen you know, reach out to a mental health professional for guidance and support.
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